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Operation Lifeline Sudan signaled one of the first major coordinated humanitarian efforts to bring relief to suffering civilians in the midst of an active war zone. This paper recounts those efforts and the challenges faced by the humanitarian operations due to the manipulation of aid by both sides in the conflict. The question is asked whether it is actually beneficial to provide aid to suffering civilians when that aid is also serving as a tool…

In January 2011, South Sudan held a referendum to decide between unity or independence from the central government of Sudan as called for by the Comprehensive Peace Agreement that ended the country’s decades-long civil war in 2005. According to the South Sudan Referendum Commission (SSRC), 98.8% of the votes cast were in favor of separation. In February 2011, Sudanese President Omar Hassan al-Bashir officially accepted the referendum result, as did the United Nations, the African…

With the Comprehensive Peace Agreement’s mandate for Disarmament, Demobilization, and Reintegration (DDR) set to expire in July 2011, discussions are now underway between the Sudan People’s Liberation Army (SPLA), the South Sudan DDR Commission, and international actors on how the programme can be extended and possibly retooled in the post-independence period. This Issue Brief reviews the serious limitations, as well as some of the modest successes, of the current programme. Based on field research and…

The 2011 South Sudan referendum has resulted in a mass influx of returnees over the course of the past four months from northern Sudan and border countries such as Uganda, Congo and Kenya. According to the latest UNOCHA figures, over 250,000 people have returned since October 30, 2010. Most returnees are coming with only what they can carry, or fit on the barges, thus arriving with serious humanitarian needs including food, water, shelter and health….

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