Using the case studies of three countries, including South Sudan, the analysis paper discusses the role of artisanal mining in sustaining organised crime in the sector. The paper finds that the lack of an adequate regulatory framework in the artisanal mining sector sustains criminality, including illegal mercury trade, illicit trade in explosives and chemicals, with severe consequences, such as child labour, violent conflict, and cross-border smuggling of gold. The paper provides a set of recommendations for the South Sudan government to address child labour, develop a mining policy, and to establish a policy to govern the gold trade.  

Read the analysis here.