Wildlife conservation and land management knowledge and practices are deeply enshrined in the socio-cultural and economic life of South Sudanese communities that live around wildlife areas. Some of these indigenous conservation practices have been eroded by crises, climatic hazards and small arms proliferation, which drive and enable greater reliance on wildlife as a source of food and livelihoods. Yet, communities still retain important knowledge, values and cultures around wildlife that could be crucial resources for conservation.

This analysis discusses the critical role that communities must play in the growth of the conservation sector in South Sudan, especially in Kidepo Game Reserve. It emphasises the need for consultation and dialogue with communities before and throughout any conservation initiatives. It advocates a conflict-sensitive approach to avoid causing or exacerbating conflicts in wildlife protected areas. The analysis suggests practical recommendations for government, aid actors and other private conservation investments to consider for greater participation by communities to ensure that conflict is reduced as the sector is being developed.

Download: Conservation with the People – considering local communities’ perspectives